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Table 2 Hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause mortality according to lean mass distribution

From: Muscle distribution in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in young and middle-aged adults

 

Events/total

Mortality rate (per 1000 person-year)

Model 1

Model 2

 h (95%CI)

P

HR (95%CI)

P

Upper limb lean mass

      

 Q1

318/1012

22.49

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

173/1010

12.26

0.62 (0.49, 0.79)

< 0.001

0.57 (0.43, 0.75)

< 0.001

 Q3

128/1010

9.07

0.44 (0.33, 0.59)

< 0.001

0.43 (0.32, 0.58)

< 0.001

 Q4

106/1010

7.51

0.35 (0.27, 0.47)

< 0.001

0.37 (0.27, 0.51)

< 0.001

 Q5

101/1010

7.16

0.41 (0.29, 0.58)

< 0.001

0.32 (0.24, 0.45)

< 0.001

 P for trend

   

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

0.90 (0.82, 0.98)

0.022

0.41 (0.33, 0.51)

< 0.001

Lower limb lean mass

      

 Q1

309/1012

21.85

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

181/1010

12.83

0.54 (0.43, 0.68)

< 0.001

0.55 (0.43, 0.71)

< 0.001

 Q3

142/1010

10.06

0.40 (0.32, 0.49)

< 0.001

0.45 (0.34, 0.59)

< 0.001

 Q4

116/1010

8.22

0.38 (0.28, 0.52)

< 0.001

0.40 (0.29, 0.55)

< 0.001

 Q5

78/1010

5.53

0.32 (0.23, 0.44)

< 0.001

0.30 (0.23, 0.40)

< 0.001

 P for trend

   

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

0.84 (0.77, 0.93)

0.001

0.54 (0.47, 0.64)

< 0.001

U-L ratio

      

 Q1

199/1012

14.07

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

132/1010

9.35

0.63 (0.43, 0.92)

0.016

0.58 (0.38, 0.89)

0.012

 Q3

172/1010

12.19

0.91 (0.67, 1.23)

0.528

0.78 (0.54, 1.13)

0.188

 Q4

159/1010

11.27

0.76 (0.58, 0.99)

0.042

0.57 (0.43, 0.75)

< 0.001

 Q5

164/1010

11.62

0.74 (0.55, 0.99)

0.041

0.56 (0.39, 0.80)

0.001

 P for trend

   

0.125

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

1.04 (0.95, 1.15)

0.367

0.75 (0.64, 0.87)

< 0.001

Trunk lean mass

      

 Q1

233/1012

16.48

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

161/1010

11.41

0.58 (0.44, 0.76)

< 0.001

0.64 (0.48, 0.85)

0.002

 Q3

158/1010

11.20

0.64 (0.48, 0.86)

0.003

0.65 (0.45, 0.92)

0.017

 Q4

146/1010

10.35

0.60 (0.46, 0.79)

< 0.001

0.58 (0.42, 0.80)

0.001

 Q5

128/1010

9.07

0.53 (0.39, 0.73)

< 0.001

0.49 (0.32, 0.75)

0.001

 P for trend

   

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

0.97 (0.88, 1.07)

0.554

0.71 (0.59, 0.85)

< 0.001

Total lean mass

      

 Q1

275/1012

19.45

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

173/1010

12.26

0.55 (0.41, 0.73)

< 0.001

0.56 (0.42, 0.76)

< 0.001

 Q3

143/1010

10.13

0.49 (0.37, 0.64)

< 0.001

0.50 (0.37, 0.67)

< 0.001

 Q4

136/1010

9.63

0.49 (0.38, 0.65)

< 0.001

0.47 (0.33, 0.67)

< 0.001

 Q5

99/1010

7.02

0.41 (0.29, 0.59)

< 0.001

0.34 (0.23, 0.50)

< 0.001

 P for trend

   

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

0.92 (0.83, 1.01)

0.074

0.55 (0.45, 0.66)

< 0.001

Android lean mass

      

 Q1

179/1012

12.66

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

163/1010

11.55

0.70 (0.51, 0.96)

0.027

0.67 (0.46, 0.99)

0.043

 Q3

160/1010

11.34

0.72 (0.53, 0.98)

0.037

0.79 (0.59, 1.04)

0.097

 Q4

158/1010

11.19

0.64 (0.47, 0.88)

0.005

0.63 (0.42, 0.94)

0.023

 Q5

166/1010

11.76

0.79 (0.57, 1.09)

0.147

0.77 (0.50, 1.19)

0.237

 P for trend

   

0.194

 

0.222

 As continuous (per SD)

  

1.05 (0.95, 1.17)

0.338

0.96 (0.80, 1.15)

0.674

Gynoid lean mass

      

 Q1

335/1012

23.69

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

171/1010

12.12

0.47 (0.36, 0.61)

< 0.001

0.50 (0.39, 0.65)

< 0.001

 Q3

139/1010

9.85

0.40 (0.33, 0.50)

< 0.001

0.42 (0.32, 0.54)

< 0.001

 Q4

107/1010

7.58

0.36 (0.27, 0.48)

< 0.001

0.37 (0.25, 0.53)

< 0.001

 Q5

74/1010

5.24

0.29 (0.20, 0.42)

< 0.001

0.26 (0.17, 0.39)

< 0.001

 P for trend

   

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

0.79 (0.71, 0.88)

< 0.001

0.47 (0.38, 0.58)

< 0.001

A-G ratio

      

 Q1

41/1012

2.90

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Q2

59/1010

4.18

1.06 (0.73, 1.54)

0.760

1.02 (0.69, 1.51)

0.924

 Q3

108/1010

7.65

1.24 (0.80, 1.93)

0.342

1.11 (0.67, 1.86)

0.681

 Q4

204/1010

14.46

2.32 (1.50, 3.58)

< 0.001

1.79 (1.08, 2.96)

0.023

 Q5

404/1010

28.63

4.81 (3.32, 6.95)

< 0.001

3.16 (1.98, 5.03)

< 0.001

 P for trend

   

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 As continuous (per SD)

  

1.83 (1.67, 2.01)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.42, 1.72)

< 0.001

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for age
  2. Model 2 was adjusted for, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family income-poverty ratio level, hypertension, CHD, diabetes, cancer, smoke, covered by health insurance, alcohol, BMI, waist, muscle strengthening activities, HEI 2015
  3. All quintiles (Q1–5) were represented by sex-specific quintiles. Results presented with bold valued were statistically significant with all p value < 0.05
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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