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Table 4 Interaction analysis for the association between BF*GDM and hazard ratio of MetS

From: Lactation duration and lifetime progression to metabolic syndrome in women according to their history of gestational diabetes: a prospective longitudinal community-based cohort study

Variable

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

GDM

2.23 (1.53–3.26)

 < 0.001

2.21 (1.53–3.24)

 < 0.001

Total BF

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.03

0.99 (0.97–0.99)

0.005

Total BF* GDM

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.1

0.98 (0.98–1.01)

0.07

GDM

2.08 (1.44–2.99)

 < 0.001

2.06 (1.43–2.97)

 < 0.001

Partial BF

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.04

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.003

Partial BF * GDM

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.2

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.1

GDM

2.42 (1.68–3.50)

 < 0.001

2.49 (1.72–3.61)

 < 0.001

Exclusive BF

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

0.1

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

0.20

Exclusive BF* GDM

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

0.02

0.93 (0.88–0.98)

0.01

  1. Adjusting variables were age, BMI, family history of DM at baseline and physical activity, education, and parity
  2. Physical activity, education, and parity were included in the model as time-dependent covariates
  3. The reference group is non-GDM
  4. MetS, metabolic syndrome; BF, breastfeeding; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus
  5. p-value < 0.05 is statistically significant