Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to GDM history
Baseline characteristics | GDM (n = 175) | Non-GDM (n = 1,001) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Education (diploma and higher), n (%) | 106 (60.6) | 622 (62.1) | 0.7 |
Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 48 (27.4) | 201 (20.1) | 0.03 |
DM, n (%) | 13 (7.6) | 10 (1.0) |  < 0.001 |
Age (year), mean (SD) | 25.6 (4.8) | 26.0 (4.9) | 0.3 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.3 (4.5) | 24.7 (4.8) | 0.09 |
WC (cm), mean (SD) | 81.3 (10.7) | 79.2 (11.6) | 0.03 |
Physical activity (medium to high), n (%) | 68 (38.9) | 356 (35.6) | 0.4 |
Smoking status (ever), n (%) | 2 (1.1) | 19 (1.9) | 0.5 |
Fasting | Â | Â | Â |
FPG (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 92.2 (30.8) | 84.9 (10.1) |  < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 44.5 (11.0) | 45.8 (10.6) | 0.1 |
TG (mg/dl), median (Q25-Q75) | 98 (72–137) | 89.5 (67–121) | 0.02 |
SBP (mmHg), mean (sd) | 107.1 (11.4) | 105.9 (10.4) | 0.2 |
DBP (mmHg), mean (sd) | 71.1 (8.9) | 71.0 (8.4) | 0.9 |
BF duration (months) | Â | Â | Â |
Total BF (month), median (Q25-Q75) | 29 (7–48) | 24 (0–42) | 0.003 |
Partial BF (month), median (Q25-Q75) | 22 (4–38) | 18 (0–33) | 0.002 |
Exclusive BF (month), median (Q25-Q75) | 6 (1–10) | 5 (0–10) | 0.03 |
Duration of follow-up, median (Q25-Q75) | 14.7 (9.6–18.1) | 16.5 (12.4–19.4) | 0.002 |