Fig. 3

Photosensitive nanoparticles in combination with NIR laser for brain diseases. The photosensitive nanoparticles include gold-based nanoparticles (from left to right are gold nanoparticles, gold nanorod and gold nanostar, gold-based liposomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles with gold cores), carbon-based nanomaterials (from left to right are carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots) and polymer semiconductor materials (from left to right are common semiconductor polymer nanoparticle, semiconductor polymer nanoparticle coated by red blood cell membrane, semiconductor polymer nanoparticle coated by photothermal materials such as phenyl di-n-pentylphosphinate)