Table 1 Categories of genetic and environmental contributions in complex diseases. Genetic—Environment Spectrum
Disease | G/E Spectrum | Environmental Driver/Trigger | Genetics |
|---|---|---|---|
Tay-Sachs [11] | G | None | Hexosaminidase A gene |
Iminoglycinuria [12] | G | None | Solute carrier family genes |
AMED syndrome [13] | G | None | Alcohol dehydrogenase genes |
Prader-Willi (deletion) [14] | G | None | Deletion of genes on Chromosome 15 |
Prader-Willi (uniparental disomy) [15] | G/E | Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) | Maternal uniparental disomy of Chromosome 15 |
alpha-1 antitrypsin [16] | G/E | Tobacco smoke, chemicals and dust impact severity | SERPINA1 (serine protease inhibitor) gene |
spina bifida [17] | G/E | Folate deficiency | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene |
retinitis pigmentosa [18] | G/E | UV light exposure |  > 60 genes identified |
myopia [19] | G/E | Near work, outdoor exposure |  > 27 genes identified |
fetal alcohol syndrome [20] | G/E | Alcohol | None, maternal ability to metabolize alcohol |
ricin poisoning [21] | E | Ricin | None |