Fig. 6
Valtrate inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice. A Scheme (time line and protocol) for tumor cell implantation of luciferase expressing GBM#P3luci cells and valtrate treatment in this study. B Bioluminescence imaging of GBM#P3luci tumor-bearing mice. The bioluminescent signals were measured at the different time points post-treatment (weeks 2, 3, and 4 after tumor cell implantation). C Quantification of bioluminescence values to determine tumor growth after treatment at weeks 2, 3 and 4 in GBM#P3luci tumor-bearing mice. D Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess overall survival of tumor-bearing nude mice under valtrate treatment relative to controls. The log-rank test was used to assess the statistical significance of the differences. E Quantification of the weight of tumor-bearing nude mice under valtrate treatment relative to controls. F–I Immunohistochemistry to detect Ki67 and PDGFRA in sections from xenografts from valtrate-treated animals and controls. Scale bar, 50 μm. J–K TUNEL assay to detect cell apoptosis in sections from xenografts from valtrate-treated animals and controls. Scale bar, 50 μm. L H&E staining of sections from major organs harvested from tumor-bearing animals treated with valtrate and controls. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are shown as the mean ± SD and the differences between groups were analyzed with the Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. i.p. intraperitoneal. Qd once a day