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Fig. 3 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Valtrate, an iridoid compound in Valeriana, elicits anti-glioblastoma activity through inhibition of the PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling pathway

Fig. 3

Valtrate inhibits migration and invasion of GBM cells by suppressing EMT. A–B Quantitative analysis of the Transwell assay. C–E Representative images and quantification of 3D invasion assays for U251 and GBM#P3 cells treated with different concentrations of valtrate at different time points. Scale bar, 200 μm. F–I Representative images of the brain organoid-tumor cell spheroid coculture invasion assay for U251 and GBM#P3 cells treated with valtrate and the quantitative analysis. The red dotted line represents the brain organoid, and the yellow dotted line represents the area invaded by the GBM spheroid at the indicated concentrations of valtrate. Scale bar, 100 μm. J–K FITC-phalloidin staining to highlight the morphology of the cytoskeleton in valtrate-treated U251 and LN229 cells compared to controls. Scale bar, 100 μm. L Western blot to detect expression of EMT related molecules in U251, LN229 and GBM#P3 after treatment with valtrate for 48 h. Data are shown as the mean ± SD and the differences between groups were analyzed with the Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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