Fig. 1

The effect of LF in regulating NT5DC3 and HKDC1. A Comparison of four xenografted tumors dissected from non-diabetic and diabetic mice in the BALB/c nude mouse model. B Average tumor weight in non-diabetic and diabetic mice implanted with four types of cancer cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD, * P < 0.05 compared with the HT29 group (n = 5). The corresponding mean weight in HT29 and HCT116 groups exceeded the others as well. C Volcano plot of identified DEGs. A total of 5,585 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P value < 0.01, and with a fold change < 0.5 or > 2) were identified among HT29 colon cancer cells and NCM460 normal human colon cells, of which 2,534 were up-regulated, while 3,051 were down-regulated (Supplementary Transcriptomics analysis data in Data and Code Availability section). D Normalized mRNA levels of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 in HT29 cells treated with normal-glucose (2 g·L⁻¹) or high-glucose (5 g·L⁻¹) medium, in 6 types of cells; 1–6 indicated GES1 cells, MGC803 cells, NCM460 cells, HT29 cells, HK2 cells, and SW839 cells, respectively, * P < 0.05 (n = 3). E Protein levels of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 in 6 types of cells under normal glucose, * P < 0.05 (n = 3). F Protein levels of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 in 6 types of cells under a high glucose condition, * P < 0.05 (n = 3). G Protein levels of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 in HT29 cells under normal glucose and high glucose, * P < 0.05 (n = 3). H Normalized mRNA levels of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 under normal glucose (2 g·L⁻¹) or high glucose (5 g·L⁻¹) in NCM460 cells and HT29 cells, * P < 0.05 (n = 3). I NT5DC3 and HKDC1 protein levels under normal glucose (2 g·L⁻¹) or high glucose (5 g·L⁻¹), in NCM460 cells and HT29 cells, * P < 0.05 (n = 3). J Protein expressions of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 in HT29 cells treated with NT5DC3 siRNA, *P < 0.05 (n = 3). K Protein expressions of NT5DC3 and HKDC1 in HT29 cells treated with HKDC1 siRNA, *P < 0.05 (n = 3)