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Fig. 4 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Young and undamaged recombinant albumin alleviates T2DM by improving hepatic glycolysis through EGFR and protecting islet β cells in mice

Fig. 4

rMSA increased glycolysis and glucose uptake by upregulating the PI3K-AKT signaling in hepatocytes. A Western blot showing the protein and phosphorylation levels of AKT, GSK3β, and FOXO1 in the AML12 hepatocytes treated with vehicle or rMSA (600 μM), with or without insulin (10 nM) in the absence or presence of 1 μM PI3K inhibitors Wortmannin for 6 h. B Western blot showing the protein and phosphorylation levels of AKT and FOXO1 in the primary hepatocytes treated with vehicle or rMSA (75 μM) for 24 h. C Western blot showing the protein and phosphorylation levels of AKT and FOXO1 in the livers of db/db mice (n = 3 per group) treated with saline or rMSA for 9 weeks. D Western blot showing the protein and phosphorylation levels of AKT in the AML12 hepatocytes treated with vehicle or rMSA (600 μM), with or without insulin (10 nM) at different time points. E Western blot showing the protein and phosphorylation levels of AKT in the AML12 hepatocytes treated with vehicle or rMSA (75, 600 μM), with or without insulin (1, 10 nM) for 24 h. F Isotope tracing of [U-13C]-glucose metabolism in AML12 hepatocytes (n = 3 per group) treated with vehicle or rMSA (600 μM, 6 h) in the absence or presence of 1 μM Wortmannin (W). G 2-NBDG uptake in AML12 hepatocytes (n = 3 per group) treated with vehicle or rMSA (600 μM, 6 h) in the absence or presence of 1 μM Wortmannin. Data were analyzed by unpaired t-tests (G). Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. β-Actin was used as the internal reference (AE)

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