Fig. 2From: BCG-induced trained immunity: history, mechanisms and potential applicationsBCG induces trained immunity by binding to NOD2 receptors. The Akt/mTOR pathway is then activated for the metabolic switch to glycolysis. BCG induces epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells to train innate immunity. Epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic reprogramming influence each other. Through the interaction with hematopoietic stem cells, it plays a long-term protective effect against infection. When the body was stimulated by BCG again, the cells after the training immunization produced more pro-inflammatory factorsBack to article page