Fig. 1

The conditioned medium and the metabolite of Efa promote the viability of CRC cells in vitro. A CCK-8 assay in CRC cells treated with the conditioned medium of EFa or E. coli ATCC 25922. B–D Metabolomics analysis of the conditioned medium (CM) with or without Efa. B: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) score plot of metabolomics. The orange dots represent the conditioned medium (CM) with Efa, and the blue dots represent the CM without Efa. C: Heatmap of differentially metabolites. The p-values were represented by a color scale from blue (relatively lower expression) to red (relatively higher expression). Each column represented individual sample, and each row represented a single metabolite. D: KEGG analysis for the various differentially expressed signal pathway. The dots represented various pathways. Pathways impact was represented by the area of each dots. The p-value was represented by a color scale from blue (relatively lower significance) to orange (relatively higher significance). E, F Proliferation ability of BV was determined by CCK8 and colony formation assay in CRC cells. G Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in CRC cells treated with or without BV was detected by western blot. H Flow cytometry showing the percentages of BV treated cells and control cells at different cell cycle phase. The histogram on the left is the control group, and the right is the BV treatment group. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; and ****, P < 0.0001