Fig. 5

Inhibition of lactate or HMGB1 showed similar anti-tumor role in the tumor-bearing mice. A After modeling, the xenografts were resected and photographed. B Tumor volumes were documented every 5 days. C Tumor weights were measured after 30 days of modeling. D mRNA and E protein levels of HMGB1 were evaluated in the mice. F M2 polarization was assessed in the tumor-associated macrophages using flow cytometry. G HE and H Ki67 staining assays were carried out to determine the malignancy of tumors. I The expressions of EMT process, ERK signaling and HMGB1 were detected by western blot assay. CD163 and CD206 were indicators for M2. Data were presented as mean ± SD and each assay was performed for three times. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001