Fig. 3

Cancer cell-derived lactate upregulated HMGB1 in macrophages and HMGB1 further promoted carcinogenic behaviors in cancer cells. A Cell apoptosis of macrophages was evaluated by flow cytometry. B mRNA and C protein levels of HMGB1 in macrophages were determined. D The location of intracellular and extracellular HMGB1 was visualized using immunofluorescence. E HMGB1 protein expressions were detected in SW480 and HT29 cells by western blotting. F Colony formation, G Transwell cell migration and H wound healing assays were performed to assess cell mobility. Data were presented as mean ± SD and each assay was performed for three times. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001