Fig. 1

ATO induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo. A Representative mouse cardiomyocyte images. Magnification: 200 × ; scale bar: 100 μm. B ATO decreased the viability of mouse cardiomyocytes. C ATO increased the inhibition rate of mouse cardiomyocytes. D Representative TUNEL staining images of mouse cardiomyocytes. Magnification: 200 × ; scale bar: 100 μm. E Representative TUNEL staining images of mouse myocardial tissues. Magnification: 400 × ; scale bar: 40 μm. F ATO increased Bax protein expression in mouse cardiomyocytes. G ATO decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in mouse cardiomyocytes. H ATO increased Bax protein expression in mouse myocardial tissues. I ATO decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in mouse myocardial tissues. For B, C, one-way ANOVA F value = 63.49 and 63.49, respectively. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group ; n = 3–4