Presence of depression and anxiety with distinct patterns of pharmacological treatments before the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome: a population-based study in Taiwan

Table 3 Conditional logical regression measured odds ratios of chronic fatigue syndrome with different treatments stratified by depression or anxiety disorder

Variable	Control		CFS		Odds ratio				Multiple comparisons
	Control		CFS		Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value	p-value
	Depression
	No	Yes	No	Yes
SSRI					1.21 (0.95,1.54)	0.116	1.12 (0.87,1.45)	0.371	0.031
No	5656	202	5145	362
Yes	243	205	354	445
SNRI					1.38 (0.98,1.95)	0.065	1.24 (0.86,1.78)	0.253	0.021
No	5856	355	5438	671
Yes	43	52	61	136
SARI					2.04 (1.52,2.74)***	< 0.001	1.86 (1.36,2.56)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	5717	335	5071	561
Yes	182	72	428	246
TCAs					1.33 (0.78,2.26)	0.288	1.22 (0.70,2.14)	0.483	0.040
No	5840	387	5392	755
Yes	59	20	107	52
BZD					1.65 (0.88,3.11)	0.121	1.54 (0.78,3.04)	0.209	0.017
No	2310	18	1330	22
Yes	3589	389	4169	785
Muscle relaxant					1.73 (0.96,3.11)	0.07	1.34 (0.72,2.49)	0.351	0.029
No	5791	392	5289	757
Yes	108	15	210	50
Analgesic drug					3.61 (2.49,5.23)***	< 0.001	3.24 (2.18,4.82)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	1479	81	383	52
Yes	4420	326	5116	755
Supportive individual psychotherapy					1.68 (0.96,2.93)	0.069	1.85 (1.02,3.35)*	0.044	0.004
No	5603	390	5211	752
Yes	296	17	288	55
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					1.55 (0.88,2.72)	0.128	1.67 (0.91,3.04)	0.097	0.008
No	5632	390	5226	756
Yes	267	17	273	51
Stretching exercise					1.46 (0.89,2.39)	0.13	1.51 (0.90,2.53)	0.122	0.010
No	5525	384	5137	742
Yes	374	23	362	65
Therapeutic exercise					1.39 (0.94,2.04)	0.096	1.42 (0.95,2.12)	0.092	0.008
No	5296	367	4909	701
Yes	603	40	590	106
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					1.73 (0.63,4.72)	0.285	1.39	(0.48,3.99)	0.543
No	5781	402	5412	790
Yes	118	5	87	17

	Anxiety disorder
	No	Yes	No	Yes
SSRI					1.27 (1.06,1.51)**	0.009	1.08 (0.87,1.33)	0.486	0.041
No	5051	807	4003	1504
Yes	222	226	265	534
SNRI					1.40 (1.01,1.93)*	0.044	1.20 (0.84,1.72)	0.306	0.026
No	5231	980	4214	1895
Yes	42	53	54	143
SARI					1.80 (1.46,2.23)***	< 0.001	1.54 (1.23,1.94)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	5148	904	4011	1621
Yes	125	129	257	417
TCAs					1.26 (0.84,1.87)	0.264	1.10 (0.73,1.67)	0.639	0.053
No	5229	998	4195	1952
Yes	44	35	73	86
BZD					1.60 (1.12,2.28)**	0.009	1.45 (1.00,2.10)	0.051	0.004
No	2270	58	1279	73
Yes	3003	975	2989	1965
Muscle relaxant					1.71 (1.16,2.53)**	0.007	1.55 (1.03,2.31)*	0.034	0.003
No	5184	999	4120	1926
Yes	89	34	148	112
Analgesic drug					2.96 (2.26,3.87)***	< 0.001	2.76 (2.09,3.65)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	1422	138	334	101
Yes	3851	895	3934	1937
Supportive individual psychotherapy					0.95 (0.68,1.32)	0.749	0.98 (0.69,1.38)	0.892	0.074
No	5015	978	4028	1935
Yes	258	55	240	103
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					0.92 (0.65,1.30)	0.648	0.95 (0.66,1.36)	0.770	0.064
No	5041	981	4039	1943
Yes	232	52	229	95
Stretching exercise					0.97 (0.72,1.32)	0.867	0.99 (0.72,1.36)	0.961	0.080
No	4943	966	3970	1909
Yes	330	67	298	129
Therapeutic exercise					0.96 (0.76,1.23)	0.767	0.96 (0.75,1.23)	0.739	0.062
No	4740	923	3782	1828
Yes	533	110	486	210
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					0.64 (0.35,1.17)	0.144	0.67 (0.36,1.27)	0.221	0.018
No	5169	1014	4188	2014
Yes	104	19	80	24

CFS chronic fatigue syndrome, CI confidence interval, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, SARI serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor, TCA tricyclic antidepressants, BZD benzodiazepine
^*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ISSN: 1479-5876