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Table 2 Absolute changes in anthropometric characteristics and body composition in the three groups

From: Supplementation with medium-chain fatty acids increases body weight loss during very low-calorie ketogenic diet: a retrospective analysis in a real-life setting

Parameters

Control group (n = 83, 31.6%)

VLCKD + MCTs (n = 86, 32.7%)

VLCKD + earlyMCTs (n = 94, 35.7%)

p for ANOVA

Body weight (kg)

− 4.8 ± 2.64

− 7.2 ± 1.9a

− 8.8 ± 2.9a,b

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

− 1.8 ± 0.9

− 2.6 ± 0.6a

− 3.3 ± 1.1a,b

 < 0.001

 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

2 (2.4%)

2 (2.3%)

6 (6.4%)

χ2 = 2.66, p = 0.263

 25.0–29.9 kg/m2

23 (27.7%)

25 (29.1%)

24 (25.5%)

χ2 = 0.29, p = 0.865

 30–34.9 kg/m2

28 (33.7%)

26 (30.2%)

35 (37.2%)

χ2 = 0.98, p = 0.611

 35–39.9 kg/m2

24 (28.9%)

24 (27.9%)

19 (20.2%)

χ2 = 2.16, p = 0.340

  ≥ 40.0 kg/m2

6 (7.2%)

9 (10.5%)

10 (10.6%)

χ2 = 0.73, p = 0.693

Waist circumference (cm)

− 4.4 ± 5.7

− 7.3 ± 5.4a

− 8.1 ± 4.9a

 < 0.001

 R (Ω)

6.1 ± 36.4

8.9 ± 30.7

− 1.1 ± 49.5

0.227

 Xc (Ω)

2.8 ± 6.4

3.8 ± 5.4

5.0 ± 6.7

0.059

 FM (%)

− 2.5 ± 2.7

− 3.7 ± 2.6a

− 5.1 ± 3.8a,b

 < 0.001

Muscle mass (%)

1.1 ± 2.1

1.8 ± 1.9

2.7 ± 2.6a,b

 < 0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD
  2. A p-value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05)
  3. VLCKD Very low-calorie ketogenic diet, MCTs Medium chain fatty acids, BMI body mass index, R resistance, Xc reactance, FM fat mass
  4. ap < 0.05 vs control; one-way ANOVA and post hoc test for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni)
  5. bp < 0.05 vs VLCKD + MCTs; one-way ANOVA and post hoc test for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni).