Table 1 Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, and body composition in the three groups at baseline
Parameters | Control group (n = 83, 31.6%) | VLCKD + MCTs (n = 86, 32.7%) | VLCKD + earlyMCTs (n = 94, 35.7%) | p for ANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 40.1 ± 15.2 | 36.8 ± 14.1 | 35.9 ± 13.1 | 0.130 |
Physical activity (yes) | 32 (38.6%) | 21 (22.3%) | 33 (38.4%) | χ2 = 4.22, p = 0.121 |
Body weight (kg) | 92.5 ± 14.9 | 98.5 ± 16.5 | 95.7 ± 17.5 | 0.059 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 35.1 ± 5.1 | 35.9 ± 5.2 | 36.0 ± 5.5 | 0.475 |
25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 13 (15.7%) | 11 (12.8%) | 16 (17.0%) | χ2 = 0.64, p = 0.725 |
30–34.9 kg/m2 | 31 (37.3%) | 31 (36.0%) | 23 (24.5%) | χ2 = 4.16, p = 0.125 |
35–39.9 kg/m2 | 23 (27.7%) | 23 (26.7%) | 37 (39.4%) | χ2 = 4.14, p = 0.126 |
≥ 40.0 kg/m2 | 16 (19.3%) | 21 (24.4%) | 18 (19.1%) | χ2 = 0.95, p = 0.622 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 106.3 ± 13.7 | 105.8 ± 15.6 | 102.2 ± 16.4 | 0.147 |
R (Ω) | 481.6 ± 68.6 | 467.9 ± 68.1 | 483.8 ± 80.5 | 0.296 |
Xc (Ω) | 47.6 ± 9.8 | 45.9 ± 8.8 | 45.3 ± 9.4 | 0.245 |
FM (%) | 41.6 ± 6.4 | 42.4 ± 7.3 | 43.0 ± 7.1 | 0.403 |
Muscle mass (%) | 27.2 ± 4.3 | 27.8 ± 5.4 | 26.8 ± 4.8 | 0.390 |