Fig. 2

D-mannose protected against in vivo bone loss in rats exposed to simulated microgravity. a Representative micro-CT images of femurs in horizontal plane and coronal plane or slicing of H&E staining of femurs, bar represents 1 mm. b BMD and bone microarchitecture of femurs were measured in the distal femur using micro-CT. c The biomechanical parameters of peak load and elasticity modulus of femurs were evaluated by three-point flexural test. d Representative images of vertebrae in horizontal plane and coronal plane reconstructed by micro-CT, bar represents 1 mm. BMD and bone microarchitecture of vertebrae were measured using micro-CT. e BMD and bone microarchitecture of vertebrae were measured in the distal femur using micro-CT. f The biomechanical parameters of maximum stress and elasticity modulus of vertebrae were evaluated by three-point flexural test. Data are expressed as mean ± SD