Biologically active factors | Roles in EC | References |
---|---|---|
Leptin | Involving in insulin resistance | [44] |
Resistin | Involving in insulin resistance | [46] |
Visfatin | Activation of insulin receptor and its substrate IRS1/2 to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of EC cells through PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways | [52] |
Insulin | Promoting EC cells proliferation and invasion, inhibiting apoptosis through PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathway; Synergizing with estrogen to promote type 1 EC progression through activating ER-α and InsR-β respectively; Promoting EC progression through upregulation of TET1-driven GPER expression | [63] |
Adiponectin | Protecting against EC through insulin sensitizing | |
Vaspin | Protecting against EC through insulin sensitizing |