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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the study population*

From: Associations between life’s essential 8 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults

 

No.

Overall (n = 3588)

Non NAFLD (n = 2105)

NAFLD (n = 1483)

p value

Age, years

 

48.0 (46.4–49.7)

46.1 (44.3–47.9)

51.4 (49.7–53.0)

 < 0.01

Age strata

    

 < 0.01

 20–39

1112

36.6 (32.6–40.6)

42.7 (38.0–47.4)

26.1 (21.9–30.5)

 

 40–59

1140

34.6 (31.2–38.0)

31.4 (27.7–35.1)

40.3 (34.4–46.2)

 

  ≥ 60

1336

28.8 (24.5–33.0)

25.9 (21.6–30.3)

33.7 (27.6–39.7)

 

Female

1839

51.6 (49.0–54.2)

55.8 (53.1–58.5)

44.4 (39.6–49.2)

 < 0.01

Race/ethnicity

    

 < 0.01

 NH White

1284

64.3 (59.0–69.6)

63.7 (57.9–69.5)

65.3 (59.4–71.2)

 

 NH Black

798

10.3 (6.9–13.7)

12.0 (8.3–15.6)

7.3 (4.4–10.3)

 

 Hispanic

839

15.5 (11.5–19.6)

14.0 (10.3–17.7)

18.2 (13.1–23.3)

 

 NH Asian

481

5.2 (3.5–6.9)

5.5 (3.5–7.5)

4.7 (2.9–6.5)

 

 Other

186

4.7 (3.4–6.1)

4.8 (3.2–6.5)

4.5 (2.4–6.5)

 

Poverty ratio

    

0.26

  < 1.3

852

18.8 (17.1–20.5)

19.4 (17.6–21.3)

17.6 (14.9–20.3)

 

 1.3–3.5

1301

35.5 (31.3–39.7)

34.1 (29.7–38.6)

37.9 (32.1–43.7)

 

  > 3.5

1028

45.7 (41.1–50.3)

46.4 (41.7–51.2)

44.5 (38.2–50.9)

 

Education levels

    

 < 0.01

 High school or less

1461

36.5 (32.5–40.5)

34.3 (29.3–39.3)

40.3 (35.7–45.0)

 

 Some college or associates degree

1203

30.9 (27.7–34.2)

29.4 (25.3–33.5)

33.6 (30.1–37.1)

 

 College graduate or above

919

32.5 (26.7–38.4)

36.3 (30.0–42.6)

26.1 (19.9–32.2)

 

Marital status

    

 < 0.01

 Coupled

2163

63.5 (60.2–66.9)

59.5 (55.0–64.1)

70.5 (66.4–74.7)

 

 Single or separated

1423

36.5 (33.1–39.8)

40.5 (35.9–45.0)

29.5 (25.3–33.6)

 

LE8 scores (out of 100 possible points)

     

 LE8 score

/

67.9 (66.6–69.2)

72.0 (70.4–73.5)

60.8 (59.5–62.1)

 < 0.01

 HEI-2015 diet score

/

38.3 (35.1–41.5)

39.9 (36.1–43.7)

35.5 (32.2–38.8)

0.02

 Physical activity score

/

77.5 (75.6–79.4)

79.5 (76.7–82.3)

74.0 (70.3–77.7)

0.04

Nicotine exposure score

/

75.3 (72.8–77.8)

75.0 (71.9–78.0)

75.8 (73.4–78.3)

0.51

 Sleep health score

/

87.0 (85.7–88.3)

87.2 (85.5–88.9)

86.6 (84.8–88.4)

0.64

 Body mass index score

/

56.6 (53.2–60.0)

69.1 (66.0–72.1)

34.8 (30.7–39.0)

 < 0.01

 Blood lipids score

/

67.0 (64.3–69.7)

71.5 (68.8–74.3)

59.0 (55.8–62.3)

 < 0.01

 Blood glucose score

/

74.7 (73.5–76.0)

80.6 (79.2–82.1)

64.5 (62.0–67.0)

 < 0.01

 Blood pressure score

/

66.9 (64.9–68.8)

73.0 (70.8–75.2)

56.1 (52.6–59.6)

 < 0.01

Cardiovascular health

    

 < 0.01

 Low

424

9.1 (7.5–10.6)

5.1 (3.6–6.5)

16.1 (13.5–18.7)

 

 Moderate

2506

69.2 (66.0–72.3)

64.3 (60.1–68.4)

77.7 (75.3–80.1)

 

 High

658

21.7 (18.3–25.2)

30.7 (26.2–35.2)

6.2 (3.7–8.8)

 
  1. NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, LE8 life’s essential 8, HEI healthy eating index, CVH cardiovascular health
  2. *Data were presented as weighted percentages or means (95% confidence intervals)
  3. Numbers of each stratum may not add up to the total population due to missing data
  4. Low CVH was defined as a LE8 score of 0 to 49, moderate CVH of 50–79, and high CVH of 80–100