Table 2 The prognostic indicator and ferroptosis-based immunotherapy targets affecting the MDSCs population in different kinds of cancers
Diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets | Cancer type | Signalling pathway | Immune cell populations | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comprehensive index of ferroptosis and immune status (CIFI) | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | – | A subgroup of patients with high CIFI value have higher fractions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and MDSCs | [31] |
A manganese porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (Mn-MOF) for enhanced SDT and ferroptosis | Hypoxic tumors | Self-supply oxygen (O2) and decrease GSH | Increase the numbers of activated CD8+ T cells and matured dendritic cells and decrease the numbers of MDSCs in tumor tissues | [32] |
FAP gene-engineered tumor cell-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (eNVs-FAP) as a tumor vaccine | A candidate tumor vaccine targeting both the tumor parenchyma and the stroma | Promote tumor ferroptosis by releasing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) from CTLs | Induce strong and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses and deplete FAP + CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts) | [33] |
HMGB1, ferroptosis inducer | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | GPX4/RSL3/HMGB1 | The occurrence of ferroptosis reduce the number of MDSCs and TAMs (M2) and increase CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor microenvironment. | [34] |
NC06 targeting ASAH2 (N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase) | Colon carcinoma | NC06/ASAH2/p53/Hmox1/ROS | Inhibition of ferroptosis decreased NC06-induced MDSC death | [35] |
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) | PDAC | P53/ALOX12 | Decrease the suppressive expansion of M2 and MDSCs and increase the population of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells in the tumor tissues of the tumor-bearing mice | [36] |
Pam3CSK4 targeting Runx1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | TLR2/Runx1/ROS | Reduce the expression of CD11c, F4/80, CD80/CD86 and MHC-II in MDSC and recover T cell function | [37] |
MGST1 | Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) | MGST1 interacts with several ferroptosis-related proteins | Overexpression of MGST1 was accompanied by lower levels of NK cell and CD8+ T cell infiltration, higher MDSCs infiltration and different immunocytes with corresponding markers | [38] |