Fig. 4

Analysis of cell–cell interactions among cells in the gastric cancer TME before and after NACT. The cell–cell communication analysis was performed using CellPhoneDB. A Intercellular interaction capacity between malignant cells and immune cells before (top) and after (bottom) NACT. B A detailed view of ligands expressed by each major cell type before and after NACT. C–F Overview of selected ligand-receptor interactions of C tumor cells (immune cell related ligand-receptor pairs), D tumor cells (stromal cell related ligand-receptor pairs), E macrophages, and F CD8+ T cells. P-values are indicated by the circle size, with the scale to the right (permutation test)