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Fig. 1 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Estrogen antagonizes ASIC1a-induced chondrocyte mitochondrial stress in rheumatoid arthritis

Fig. 1

ASIC1a induced mitochondrial stress in primary rat articular chondrocytes. A–C Hsp10, Lonp1, and ClpP mRNA levels in acid-treated chondrocytes quantified by real-time q-PCR. D, E Immunofluorescence analysis of HSP10 and LONP1 expression in chondrocytes after pretreatment with pH 6.0 and pH 6.0 + PcTx-1. The scale bars are 20 μm. F Representative confocal microscopy images of chondrocytes stained with JC-1 after pretreatment with pH 6.0 and pH 6.0 + PcTx-1. Red fluorescence indicates normal ΔΨm with JC-1 aggregate form in the mitochondria, while green fluorescence reflects the JC-1 monomer, indicative of ΔΨm loss. The scale bars are 20 μm. G The release of mitochondrial ROS in chondrocytes was measured after pre-treatment with pH 6.0 and pH 6.0 + PcTx-1. The scale bars are 20 μm. H Effects of acid on the mitochondria in chondrocytes, as assessed by TEM. Ultrastructural analysis of the mitochondria. Key: M, mitochondria; N, nucleus; Scale bar, 1 μm (top panels) and 200 nm (bottom panels). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001

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