Table 3 Results of irradiation using LDR-BRT

Yuliang Jiang, 2010

R

25

Median interval to failure from prior irradiation: NA;

Median dose of prior irradiation: 70 Gy (range, 20–150 Gy)

8 (3–40)

NA

CT/ultrasound guided permanent ¹²⁵I seed implantation

130 (90–160)

1-year LC: 48.7%;

2-year LC: 39.9%;

Median local DFS: 12 mo;

1-year OS: 42.5%;

2-year OS: 28.3%;

Median OS: 11 mo

None

[37]

Yuliang Jiang, 2010

R

14

Median time to previous irradiation: NA;

Median dose of prior irradiation: 70 Gy (range, 50–250 Gy)

13 (3–60)

Tumor diameter < 7 cm

CT guided permanent ¹²⁵I seed implantation

157.5 (90–218)

1-year LC: 52%;

2-year LC: 39%;

3-year LC: 39%;

5-year LC: 39%;

Median LC: 18 mo;

1-year OS: 65%;

2-year OS: 39%;

3-year OS: 39%;

5-year OS: 39%;

Median OS: 20 mo

Grade 1 skin reaction: 7.1%;

Grade 1 mucosal reaction: 7.1%;

Ulceration with tumor progression after 11 months: 7.1%

[38]

Ping Jiang, 2011

R

29

Median time to previous irradiation: NA;

Median dose of prior irradiation: 70 Gy (range, 20–150 Gy)

8 (3–40)

NA

Ultrasound guided permanent ¹²⁵I seed implantation

130 (90–160)

1-year LC: 53.1%;

2-year LC: 34.8%;

3-year LC: 17.4%;

Median LC: 16 mo;

1-year OS: 54.1%;

2-year OS: 27.5%;

3-year OS: 27.5%;

Median OS: 13 mo

None

[39]

Na Meng, 2012

R

17

Median time to previous irradiation: 10 mo (range, 1–80 mo);

Median dose of prior irradiation: 70 Gy (range, 20–150 Gy)

10 (3–48)

Tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm

CT/ultrasound guided permanent ¹²⁵I seed implantation

126 (90–160)

1-year LC: 66.5%;

2-year LC: 49.9%;

Median LC: 16 mo;

1-year OS: 51.3%;

2-year OS: 38.5%;

Median OS: 16 mo

One seed migration: 5.9%;

One and two seeds loss: 11.8%;

Temporary skin ulceration: 5.9%

[34]

Lihong Zhu, 2013

R

19

Median time to previous irradiation: NA;

Median dose of prior irradiation: 64 Gy (range, 34–145 Gy)

11 (3–44)

Tumor diameter < 9 cm

CT/ultrasound guided permanent ¹²⁵I seed implantation

131 (90–160)

1-year LC: 73.3%;

2-year LC: 27.5%;

3-year LC: 27.5%;

Median LC: 24 mo;

1-year OS: 53.0%;

2-year OS: 18.2%;

3-year OS: 18.2%

Median OS: 13 mo

Grade 1 skin reaction: 5.3%;

Ulceration associated with tumor progression and died of local recurrence at 11 months after seed implantation: 5.3%

[36]

Ping Jiang, 2019

R

64

Median time to previous irradiation: NA;

Median dose of prior irradiation: 60 Gy (range: 40–74 Gy)

14 (1–103.5)

Mean tumor volume: 8 (2.5–320)  cm³

Ultrasound guided permanent ¹²⁵I seed implantation

130 (90–160)

1-year LC: 75.2%;

3-year LC: 73.0%;

5-year LC: 69.1%;

1-year OS: 57.4%;

3-year OS: 31%;

5-year OS: 26.6%;

Median OS: 20 mo

Grade 4 skin ulceration: 3.1%;

Grade 1 or 2 skin reactions: 17.2%

[35]

Zhe Ji, 2019

R

101

Median time to previous irradiation: 18.8 mo (range, 1.3–213.8 mo);

Median dose of prior irradiation: 66 Gy (range, 30–160 Gy)

12.2 (2.9–73.2)

Tumor volume: 15.5 (2.4–99.4) cm³

CT-guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation

117 (44–246)

CR: 11.9%;

PR: 48.5%;

SD: 37.6%;

PD: 2.0%;

1-year LC: 40.6%;

3-year LC: 26.6%;

5-year LC: 26.6%;

Median LC: 10 mo;

1-year OS: 54.3%;

3-year OS: 15.5%;

5-year OS: 15.5%;

Median OS: 15 mo

Grade 1 to 2 skin or mucosal toxicity: 15.8%;

Grade 3 skin or mucosal toxicity: 7.9%;

Grade 4 skin or mucosal toxicity: 2%

Skin pain or mucosal reactions: 13.9%;

Dry mouth aggravation: 2.0%

[40]

Yi Chen, 2020

R

25

Median time to previous irradiation: NA;

Median dose of prior irradiation: 68 Gy (range, 50–115 Gy)

23 (6–82)

GTV: 60 (5–164) cm³

CT-guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation

152 (106–179)

1-year LPFS: 65.6%;

3-year LPFS: 34.4%;

5-year LPFS: 22.9%;

Median LPFS: 16.0 mo;

1-year OS: 70.8%;

3-year OS: 46.6%;

5-year OS:34.0%;

Median OS: 28.0 mo

Severe pain during seed implantation: 8%;

Hematoma in the neck: 4%;

Grade 1 skin reaction: 12%;

Grade 2 skin reaction: 8%;

Grade 1 mucosal reaction: 8%;

Grade 2 mucosal reaction: 4%;

Grade 1 xerostomia:4%

[41]