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Fig. 5 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Paxlovid accelerates cartilage degeneration and senescence through activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and interfering redox homeostasis

Fig. 5

Paxlovid disrupts redox homeostasis and induces ferroptosis. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes presented as a bubble chart. B, C Gene set enrichment analysis of genes involved in the KEGG pathways: ferroptosis and the gene ontology biological process: Iron ion homeostasis. D Heatmap of mRNA expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis. E, F Representative images of DCFH-DA-labelled reactive oxygen species and FerroOrange-labelled Fe.2+, with quantitative analyses. Scale bar: 10 μm. G Alcian blue and toluidine blue staining reveal the rescue effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on extracellular matrix protein secretion. H Western blot analysis of Sod1 and Sox9 demonstrating NAC’s rescue effect on gene expression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001

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