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Fig. 2 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Biological role of matrix stiffness in tumor growth and treatment

Fig. 2

Measurement methods of matrix stiffness. a Principle of AFM. When the AFM is working, the laser emitted by the laser to hits the cantilever beam and then reflected back to the spot detector. When the probe is not in contact with the sample, the AFM probe cantilever does not deflect and the spot is not deflected because there is no force acting, so the deflection remains at a fixed value; when the AFM probe cantilever is in contact with the cell (or other samples), the cantilever is subjected to the sensor force acting on the longitudinal deflection, causing the laser light path to change, which leads to the corresponding longitudinal deflection of the laser spot in the four quadrants of the spot detector. The Young's modulus of the object is calculated and analyzed. AFM has a micro cantilever which is usually made of a silicon wafer or silicon nitride wafer that is generally 100–500 um long and 500–5 um thick, and one end of micro cantilever is fixed, and the other end has a tip in contact with the sample. b Principle of SWE. The working principle of SWE can be understood in three points. The first is to generate shear waves through focused acoustic radiation force from a linear ultrasound array. The fast plane wave excitation is then used to track displacement and velocity as the shear waves propagate. Third, calculating the tissue displacement to calculate shear wave velocity and shear modulus

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