Innate immunity, cytokine storm, and inflammatory cell death in COVID-19

Table 1 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19: Several tissues, organs, and body systems are affected in patients with COVID-19

Lungs	Heart	Liver	Skin	Kidney
Pneumonitis	Hypotension	Hepatomegaly	Urticaria	Hematuria
Pulmonary edema	Arrythmias	Increased AST, ALT, LDH	Rash	Proteinuria
Dyspnea	Cardiomyopathy	Elevated bilirubin	Edema	Acute kidney injury
Hypoxemia	Ischemia	Liver failure	Vesicles	Kidney failure
ARDS	Cardiogenic shock

Nervous system	Gastro-intestinal system	Vascular lymphatic system	Rheumatologic system	Constitutional symptoms
Confusion	Nausea	Anemia, cytopenia	Vasculitis	Fever
Delirium	Vomiting	Coagulopathy	Arthritis	Headache
Ataxia	Diarrhea	Hyperferritinemia	Arthralgia	Fatigue
Seizures	Abdominal pain	Increased CRP		Anorexia
Anosmia	Hemorrhage	Hemorrhage
Stroke		Endothelial damage

ALT alanine aminotransferase; ARDS; acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST aspartate aminotransferase; CRP C-reactive protein; LDH lactate dehydrogenase

ISSN: 1479-5876