Fig. 4

FlowSOM reveals unique memory CD4⁺ T cells defined by CD69 expression in patients with Chagas disease. A tSNE plots depict CD4⁺ T cells in gray and MC2 (FlowSOM 31, 38, 39), MC3 (FlowSOM 21, 23), MC4 (FlowSOM 12, 20, 26, 27, 33) and MC5 (FlowSOM 1, 11) in red from controls and infected patients with Chagas disease. B MST shows the differential expression of CD69, represented from blue to red indicating lower to higher expression, respectively. MC2-5 are highlighted by red circles. C Representative dot plots of the expression of CD69 (x-axis) by CD45RO (y-axis) from controls and infected patients in different stages of Chagas disease (A, B1, B2-C-D): CD4⁺ T cells are shown in gray and MC2-5, from the top to bottom, in red. D Frequencies of MC2-5 CD4⁺ T cells. Bars represent the median and interquartile range. Asterisks represent significant differences between the assigned group and controls. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001