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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of deviation cohort

From: Metabolomics to identify fingerprints of carotid atherosclerosis in nonobese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Characteristics

Non-MAFLD without CAS (n = 30)

Nonobese MAFLD

Obese MAFLD

Non-MAFLD with CAS (n = 30)

P

Without CAS (n = 41)

With CAS (n = 19)

Without CAS (n = 40)

With CAS (n = 20)

Age (year)

44.6 ± 11.9

43.6 ± 11.7

42.4 ± 11.7

45.2 ± 10.8

44.1 ± 12.1

44.5 ± 9.9

0.82

Male, n (%)

18 (60.0)

28 (66.9)

13 (68.4)

26 (65.0)

14 (70.0)

19 (63.3)

0.53

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.6 ± 3.8

bcdef

23.1 ± 2.2

adef

23.1 ± 1.7

adef

28.4 ± 2.6

abce

31.1 ± 5.1

abcdf

27.5 ± 2.4

abce

 < 0.001

Waist circumstance (cm)

81.7 ± 7.4

def

82.2 ± .6.4

def

81.7 ± 6.2

def

93.8 ± 6.9

abc

95.1 ± 6.3

abc

91.5 ± 6.0

abc

 < 0.001

Waist-hip-ratio

0.87 ± 0.05

def

0.87 ± 0.05

def

0.87 ± 0.05

def

0.91 ± 0.05

abc

0.94 ± 0.05

abc

0.90 ± 0.06

abc

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

127 ± 13

129 ± 12

132 ± 23

130 ± 17

133 ± 15

128 ± 12

0.71

DBP (mmHg)

86 ± 10

86 ± 11

85 ± 15

89 ± 13

91 ± 14

85 ± 11

0.44

ALT (U/L)a

28 (18–34)

bd

40 (21–81)

a

30 (20–52)

42 (22–97)

a

36 (31–73)

34 (24–54)

0.031

AST (U/L)a

25 (20–28)

30 (20–40)

28 (23–52)

31 (20–97)

31 (25–50)

29 (25–75)

0.26

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 1.0

5.4 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 0.9

5.2 ± 0.9

5.3 ± 0.8

5.1 ± 0.6

0.55

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.5

0.23

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 0.2

df

1.3 ± 0.4

def

1.2 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.7

ab

1.0 ± 0.5

b

1.1 ± 0.5

ab

0.017

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.1 ± 0.8

3.3 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 0.5

3.6 ± 0.8

0.16

FBG (mmol/L)

4.9 ± 0.7

5.0 ± 1.4

5.3 ± 1.1

5.4 ± 0.9

5.4 ± 0.4

5.2 ± 0.8

0.22

Fasting insulin (μU/mL)

9.0 ± 2.9

e

8.8 ± 2.9

e

9.0 ± 1.3

e

9.4 ± 2.8

e

19.3 ± 3.8

abcdf

9.1 ± 2.1

e

0.001

HOMA-IRa

1.54 (0.90–2.36)

1.61 (1.18–2.23)

1.77 (1.38–2.67)

1.60 (0.96–2.40)

2.69 (1.43–6.76)

1.70 (1.25–2.56)

0.08

Uric acid (μmol/L)

372 ± 92

def

400 ± 115

def

394 ± 79

def

458 ± 97

abc

475 ± 133

abc

432 ± 101

abc

0.001

Liver fat content (%)a

3.8 (3.1–4.3)

bcde

10.8 (6.7–17.1)

adef

9.3 (6.8–17.4)

adef

15.1 (10.5–23.3)

abcf

16.0 (11.1–24.6)

abcf

3.6 (3.0–4.5)

bcde

0.001

Pancreas fat content (%)a

1.7 (1.2–2.3)

cde

1.8 (1.3–2.5)

de

1.9 (1.1–2.9)

adef

2.6 (1.8–4.3)

abcf

3.6 (1.5–6.9)

abcf

1.6 (1.1–2.2)

cde

0.002

ASFT (mm)

22.8 ± 8.2

bf

19.3 ± 6.8

ade

20.1 ± 6.9

e

23.5 ± 6.2

bf

26.0 ± 6.5

bcf

20.4 ± 7.0

ade

0.01

Liver stiffness (kPa)

5.6 ± 2.3

5.8 ± 1.3

6.5 ± 2.2

6.1 ± 1.0

7.7 ± 2.5

5.8 ± 1.8

0.08

  1. a, b, c, d, e, f-refer to statistic significant after post-hoc multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustments when compared with Non-MAFLD without CAS(a), Nonobese MAFLD without (b) or with (c) carotid atherosclerosis, obese MAFLD without (d) or with (e) carotid atherosclerosis, and non-MAFLD with CAS (f)
  2. MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; CAS, carotid atherosclerosis; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase, AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ASFT, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness
  3. aContinuous variables are expressed as median with IQR for non-Gaussian distribution
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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