Fig. 3

A The violin plot of concentration comparison of the metabolites with top 10 VIP value among healthy controls, nonobese MAFLD patients with/without CAS and obese MAFLD patients with/without CAS in the validation cohort. Group 1: non-MAFLD without CAS; Group 2. non-MAFLD with CAS; Group 3: nonobese MAFLD patients without CAS; Group 4: nonobese MAFLD patients with CAS; Group 5: obese MAFLD patients without CAS; Group 6: obese MAFLD patients with CAS. B Correlation network graph of differential metabolite. The correlation network was constructed according to their correlation coefficient and the number of metabolites with correlation coefficient greater than 0.5. C Multivariate logistic regression for serum metabolites associated with carotid atherosclerosis in the nonobese and obese MAFLD patients. D Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of metabolites that predict carotid atherosclerosis for nonobese MAFLD (a) and obese MAFLD (b) in derivation cohort, nonobese MAFLD (c) and obese MAFLD (d) in validation cohort