Fig. 1

HRS treatment attenuated neurological score and neuronal injury in SAE rat model 48 h after LPS induction. A, B Statistical representation of neurological test and survival curves of septic rats in each group, respectively. C The photograph indicates decreased number of normal neurons stained with Nissl stain, showing disordered cellular structure with shrunken cytoplasm and perineuronal vacoulation with dark nuclei in the LPS group, which were not obvious in the HRS treated group in both the cortex and hippocampus, respectively (n = 5). Scale bar = 50 μm D, E Quantification of Nissl stained neuronal cells in the cortex D and hippocampus E of each group. All data are presented as mean ± SD ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.005, *p < 0.05. HRS Hydrogen-rich saline, LPS Lipopolysaccaride