Fig. 5

Differential methylation between dead and recovered COVID-19 patients. A. Volcano plot showing differences between COVID-19 recovered patients and their baseline. B. Volcano plot showing differences between COVID-19 dead patients and their baseline, C. Volcano plot showing differences between dead and recovered patients at their latest time point. Volcano plots in A, B, and C show differential CpGs methylation over 750874 CpG positions. The red line designates the genome-wide significance threshold of a Benjamini–Hochberg corrected p < 0.05. Green dots represent significantly different CpGs from the previously reported genes associated with COVID-19 [13, 30,31,32,33,34,35]. Red dots represent hypermethylated CpGs; blue plots represent hypomethylated CpGs. Grey dots represent non-significant CpGs