Fig. 5

Activation markers, proliferation, and apoptosis of activated CD8⁺ T cells with and without HDACi treatment. A Differential expression of activation markers. The surface expression of common activation markers was measured by flow cytometry. The percentage of cells expressing the respective markers was obtained by gating the positive cells in the histogram of each marker; N young = 11, N old = 12. B Proliferation indexes after 5 days of culture. CD8⁺ T cells were stained with CFSE, treated as described and kept in culture for 5 days. The proliferation indexes were calculated with FCS Express 6 Plus Research Edition; N = 5. C Apoptosis assay after 2 and 5 days, respectively. The percentages of the cells that are alive (double negative), apoptotic (Annexin positive) and dead (double positive for Annexin and PI) are shown for both time points. N = 5. *p value < 0.05, **p value < 0.01, ****p value < 0.0001