Modification of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage-targeted therapy

Table 3 Applications of magnetically targeted delivery of MSCs for articular cartilage repair

Model	MSC donor	Nanoparticles	External magnet	Ref
In vivo: rabbit and pig models of osteochondral defects	hBMSCs	Ferumoxide (Felidex®)	Magnetic force (0.6 T)	[93]
In vivo: pig model of full-thickness cartilage defect	MSCs	Magnetic hydrogels	Magnetic force (1.5 T) for 10 min	[94]
In vivo: human articular cartilage defect	hBMSCs	Ferucarbotran (Resovist®)	1.0-T compact magnet for10min	[95]
In vivo: rabbit model of a massive meniscal defect	Rabbit ADSCs	Ferucarbotran	Permanent magnet	[96]
In vivo: knee cartilage defect model	hADSCs	Microrobot (Feraheme)	N.A	[99]
In vivo: rabbit model of osteochondral defect	Rabbit BMSCs	Ferucarbotran	External magnetic device	[100]
In vivo: rat model of sub-chronic skeletal muscle injury	hMSCs	Ferucarbotran	Magnetic strength (1.5 T) for 10 min	[101]
In vivo: rat model of femoral fracture	Rat BMSCs	Ferucarbotran	Magnetic strength (5.07 T) for 10 min and 60 min	[102]
In vivo: rabbit ulnar defect	Rabbit BMSC	Ferumoxide	Magnetic strength (1.5 T) for 10 min	[103]
Ex vivo: porcine knee osteochondral defect implanted with hMSCs	hMSCs	Ferumoxide	N. A	[104]
Ex vivo: human cartilage	hBMSC	Ferumoxide	Magnetic force (0.4 or 0.6 T) for 6 h	[105]
Ex vivo: human osteochondral defects	MSCs	N-dodecyl-poly-ethylenimine-coated SPION ∼50–110 nm	Magnetic force (0.57 T)	[99]

ISSN: 1479-5876