Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Causal relationship between obesity, lifestyle factors and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

Overview and assumptions of the Mendelian randomization study design. Assumption 1: the instrumental variables should be closely related to the risk factor of interest; assumption 2: the instrumental variables should not be associated with potential confounders, and assumption 3: the instrumental variables should affect the risk of outcome only through risk factors and not through other alternative pathways. LD, Linkage disequilibrium; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms; BMI, body mass index; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; PRESSO, Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier

Back to article page