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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants who did and did not develop diabetes at follow-up

From: Patterns of change in obesity indices and other cardiometabolic risk factors before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: two decades follow-up of the Tehran lipid and glucose study

Characteristics

Individuals developing diabetes in the study stratified by latent classes of obesity indices

Individuals Free of diabetes (n = 5422)

Progressing (n = 735 )

Inverse J-shape (n = 52 )

J-shape (n = 96)

Time before diabetes diagnosis/last examination, years

15.9 (2.0)

16.1 (1.9)

15.8 (1.6)

15.6 (2.3)a

Men (%)

333 (45.3)

12 (23.1)

29 (30.2)

2381 (43.9)d

Age, years

43.8 (10.8)

41.3 (12.4)

41.4 (11.3)

38.2 (11.6)a,c

BMI (kg/m2)

29.0 (4.7)

28.9 (4.9)

28.7 (4.5)

26.2 (4.3)a,b,c

WC (cm)

94.2 (11.1)

89.7 (11.6)a

91.8 (11.0)

86.1 (11.4)a,c

Family history of diabetes

268 (37.1)

19 (36.5)

37 (40.2)

1309 (24.8)d

FPG (mmol/L)

5.3 (0.6)

5.2 (0.6)

5.2 (0.6)

4.9 (0.5)a,b,c

2-hPG (mmol/L)

6.8 (1.7)

6.6 (1.5)

6.7 (1.7)

5.6 (1.4)a,b,c

TC (mmol/L)

5.7 (1.2)

5.5 (1.1)

5.6 (1.2)

5.2 (1.1)a,c

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.7 (0.9)

3.4 (0.9)

3.5 (0.9)

3.3 (0.9)a

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.2)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.2)

1.1 (0.3)a

TG (mmol/L)

2.3 (1.2)

2.2 (1.0)

2.4 (1.6)

1.7 (1.1)a,b,c

Lipid-lowering drug

26 (3.5)

2 (3.8)

3 (3.1)

93 (1.7)d

SBP (mmHg)

122.4 (17.3)

121.5 (17.8)

120.5 (16.4)

114.5 (15.3)a,b,c

DBP (mmHg)

80.9 (10.1)

80.7 (11.1)

80.2 (10.1)

75.8 (10.1)a,b,c

Antihypertensive drug

65 (8.8)

8 (15.4)

7 (7.3)

179 (4.1)a,b,c

Current smoking

94 (12.8)

4 (7.7)

11 (11.6)

727 (13.4)

  1. Data are n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR)
  2. FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2-hPG 2-hour plasma glucose, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
  3. aSignificantly different from progressing
  4. bSignificantly different from Inverse J-shape
  5. cSignificantly different from J-shape
  6. dSignificantly different from diabetes subgroups