Characteristics | Individuals developing diabetes in the study stratified by latent classes of obesity indices | Individuals Free of diabetes (n = 5422) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Progressing (n = 735 ) | Inverse J-shape (n = 52 ) | J-shape (n = 96) | ||
Time before diabetes diagnosis/last examination, years | 15.9 (2.0) | 16.1 (1.9) | 15.8 (1.6) | 15.6 (2.3)a |
Men (%) | 333 (45.3) | 12 (23.1) | 29 (30.2) | 2381 (43.9)d |
Age, years | 43.8 (10.8) | 41.3 (12.4) | 41.4 (11.3) | 38.2 (11.6)a,c |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (4.7) | 28.9 (4.9) | 28.7 (4.5) | 26.2 (4.3)a,b,c |
WC (cm) | 94.2 (11.1) | 89.7 (11.6)a | 91.8 (11.0) | 86.1 (11.4)a,c |
Family history of diabetes | 268 (37.1) | 19 (36.5) | 37 (40.2) | 1309 (24.8)d |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.3 (0.6) | 5.2 (0.6) | 5.2 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.5)a,b,c |
2-hPG (mmol/L) | 6.8 (1.7) | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.7 (1.7) | 5.6 (1.4)a,b,c |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.7 (1.2) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.1)a,c |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.9)a |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3)a |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.3 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.1)a,b,c |
Lipid-lowering drug | 26 (3.5) | 2 (3.8) | 3 (3.1) | 93 (1.7)d |
SBP (mmHg) | 122.4 (17.3) | 121.5 (17.8) | 120.5 (16.4) | 114.5 (15.3)a,b,c |
DBP (mmHg) | 80.9 (10.1) | 80.7 (11.1) | 80.2 (10.1) | 75.8 (10.1)a,b,c |
Antihypertensive drug | 65 (8.8) | 8 (15.4) | 7 (7.3) | 179 (4.1)a,b,c |
Current smoking | 94 (12.8) | 4 (7.7) | 11 (11.6) | 727 (13.4) |