Fig. 3

AKG attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of VSMCs in elastase-induced AAA formation. A, B Typical images as well as IHC staining for CD45 and CD68 in the indicated groups (n = 6). Scale bar = 50 μm. C IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1expression was analyzed by qPCR (n = 5). D Typical images as well as quantification of superoxide anions detected by DHE staining. (n = 5). Scale bar = 200 μm. E TUNEL assay (n = 5). TUNEL, green; DAPI, blue. Scale bar = 50 μm.*P < 0.05