Fig. 3

Effect of empagliflozin on the serum protein expression profile of db/db mice. A Venn plot showing the intersection of significantly changed proteins (fold change > 1.5 or < 0.86, and adjusted p < 0.05) in the serum and kidney samples. Proteins marked with red represented known diabetes-associated proteins. B Heatmap depicting the expression levels of the 51 potential target proteins regulated by empagliflozin. C Scatter plot showing the Pearson’s correlation between serum and kidney proteins. D KEGG pathway identification of the differentially expressed proteins in the serum of db/db mice. E Go enrichment of changed proteins in the Empa group