Table 2 Baseline characteristics for the training and validation groups by NAFLD status

N

5846

1272

5919

1243

Age (years)

43.314 ± 9.050

44.537 ± 8.215

43.219 ± 8.923

45.027 ± 8.427

Alcohol consumption (g/w)

  = 0

1992 (34.075%

372 (29.245%)

1997 (33.739%)

374 (30.088%)

  > 0

3854 (65.925%)

900 (70.755%

3922 (66.261%)

869 (69.912%)

BMI (kg/m²)

21.305 ± 2.581

25.448 ± 3.037

21.363 ± 2.633

25.551 ± 3.215

WC (cm)

74.090 ± 7.851

85.890 ± 7.636

74.117 ± 7.990

86.078 ± 7.920

ALT (U/L)

15.000 (12.000–20.000)

27.000 (20.000–38.000)

15.000 (12.000–20.000)

27.000 (20.000–39.000)

AST (U/L)

14.000 (11.000–18.000)

20.000 (16.000–25.000)

17.000 (14.000–20.000)

21.000 (17.000–26.000)

GGT (U/L)

14.000 (11.000–18.000)

22.000 (16.000–32.250)

14.000 (11.000–18.000)

23.000 (16.000–33.000)

HDL-c (mmol/L)

1.524 ± 0.402

1.181 ± 0.280

1.512 ± 0.394

1.186 ± 0.300

TC (mmol/L)

5.065 ± 0.859

5.397 ± 0.851

5.046 ± 0.847

5.488 ± 0.882

TyG-BMI

168.514 ± 27.726

218.162 ± 30.871

169.266 ± 28.289

220.124 ± 32.960

TG (mmol/L)

0.655 (0.452–0.937)

1.231 (0.858–1.727)

0.655 (0.452–0.960)

1.264 (0.881–1.829)

HbA1c (%)

5.148 ± 0.312

5.303 ± 0.329

5.155 ± 0.312

5.299 ± 0.339

FPG (mmol/L)

5.092 ± 0.405

5.386 ± 0.368

5.099 ± 0.400

5.404 ± 0.359

SBP (mmHg)

111.875 ± 14.020

123.082 ± 14.665

111.991 ± 14.031

123.811 ± 15.000

DBP (mmHg)

69.607 ± 9.894

77.572 ± 10.025

69.814 ± 9.830

78.097 ± 10.356

SEX, n (%)

 Female

3153 (53.934%)

241 (18.947%)

3209 (54.215%)

237 (19.067%)

 Male

2693 (46.066%)

1031 (81.053%)

2710 (45.785%)

1006 (80.933%)

Regular exerciser, n (%)

1040 (17.790%)

199 (15.645%)

1058 (17.875%)

179 (14.401%)

Smoking status, n (%)

 Never-smoker

3777 (64.608%)

592 (46.541%)

3788 (63.997%)

594 (47.788%)

 Ever-somker

966 (16.524%)

318 (25.000%)

964 (16.287%)

324 (26.066%)

 Current-smoker

1103 (18.868%)

362 (28.459%)

1167 (19.716%)

325 (26.146%)