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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

From: Salivary microbiome in chronic kidney disease: what is its connection to diabetes, hypertension, and immunity?

Parameters

CKD (n = 100)

HC (n = 100)

P value

Age (yr)

58.18 ± 15.53

60.84 ± 15.36

0.300

Duration (yr)

3.96 ± 4.17

NA

NA

Men (n%)

40 (40.00)

40 (40.00)

1.000

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.96 ± 3.90

24.84 ± 2.59

0.827

Co-current disease (n%)

   

 Type 2 diabetes mellitus

29 (29.00)

0 (0.00)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

64 (64.00)

0 (0.00)

 < 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

53.44 ± 40.32

104.57 ± 17.90

 < 0.001

Serum urea (mmol/L)

13.39 ± 11.39

5.41 ± 1.65

 < 0.001

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

216.91 ± 206.60

60.19 ± 12.26

 < 0.001

Serum uric acid (umol/L)

425.56 ± 132.15

294.79 ± 89.35

 < 0.001

Urine protein (n%)

  

 < 0.001

 Negative

48 (48.00)

100 (0.00)

 

 Positive 1 plus

23 (23.00)

0 (0.00)

 

 Positive 2 plus

21 (21.00)

0 (0.00)

 

 Positive 3 plus

8 (8.00)

0 (0.00)

 

Urine creatinine (mmol/L)

6.61 ± 2.86

4.40 ± 1.91

 < 0.001

24 h urine protein (mg/dL)

2797.04 ± 2474.04

2664.90 ± 255.98

0.867

HbA1c (%)

6.26 ± 1.23

6.29 ± 0.60

0.858

FBG (mmol/L)

5.95 ± 3.21

5.76 ± 2.23

0.691

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

148.91 ± 22.48

128.52 ± 14.01

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

84.54 ± 12.84

77.53 ± 9.04

 < 0.001

Ig A (g/L)

2.59 ± 1.12

2.47 ± 0.82

0.462

Ig G (g/L)

10.93 ± 3.80

10.98 ± 1.40

0.652

Ig M (g/L)

1.21 ± 0.95

1.18 ± 0.53

0.982

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

6.63 ± 11.11

2.36 ± 3.10

0.003

Completement 3 (g/L)

0.81 ± 0.23

0.98 ± 0.16

 < 0.001

Completement 4 (g/L)

0.19 ± 0.03

0.24 ± 0.08

 < 0.001

Serum κ FLC (g/L)

8.93 ± 3.12

3.09 ± 0.72

 < 0.001

Serum λ FLC (g/L)

4.70 ± 1.50

1.77 ± 0.46

 < 0.001

ASO

  

 < 0.001

 ASOPOS (n%)

58 (58.00)

0 (0 .00)

 

 ASONEG (n%)

42 (42.00)

100 (100.00)

 
  1. Pearson’s Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test was used to compare dichotomous variables, and an independent t-test was used to compare continuous variables
  2. ASONEG antistreptolysin O negative, ASOPOS antistreptolysin O positive, CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FBG fasting blood glucose, FLC free light chains, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c