Fig. 6

Association of the salivary microbiome with immunity A. The heatmap depicted the association between bacterial genera which differed in CKD relative to HC and the value of immunological profiles in CKD patients. Pearman correlation analysis was performed. * indicates P < 0.05. B. PCoA based on Bray–Curtis distances at ASV level showed different microbial compositions between groups of ASOPOS-CKD patients and HC (P < 0.05); between ASONEG-CKD patients and HC (P < 0.05); between ASOPOS-CKD patients and ASONEG-CKD patients (P > 0.05). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was performed for statistical comparisons of samples in the two cohorts. P-value was adjusted by the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR). C. Bacterial richness and diversity measured by Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were calculated at the microbial ASV level. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed and adjusted by Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR). * and ** indicate P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. D. Bacterial genus that was differentially abundant among groups of HC, ASOPOS-CKD, and ASONEG-CKD. Only the genus with above 1% is displayed. P-value was calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and adjusted by Benjamini and Hochberg’s false discovery rate (FDR). *** indicates P < 0.001