Fig. 1

Lumican, fibronectin, COL1A1, and COL3A1 levels and their correlations in human subjects. Serum and BALF lumican levels (A, B) in the ARDS group and the control groups (spontaneously breathing controls and ventilated controls). BALF levels of fibronectin (C), COL1A1 (D), and COL3A1 (E) were measured in all groups. BALF lumican levels were positively correlated with (F) BALF fibronectin levels, (G) BALF COL1A1 levels, and (H) BALF COL3A1 levels. Values are expressed as medians with interquartile ranges. The significance of between-group differences was examined using Kruskal–Wallis test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Correlations were investigated using Spearman’s correlation analysis (r indicates the correlation coefficient). ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, COL1A1 alpha-1 type I collagen, COL3A1 alpha-1 type III collagen