Fig. 5
From: Probiotics ameliorate IgA nephropathy by improving gut dysbiosis and blunting NLRP3 signaling
SCFAs provided significant renal protection and distinctly reduced urine protein levels, alleviated inflammation, inhibited excessive mesangial proliferation, and improved the degree of renal fibrosis in IgAN. a Glomerular IgA immunofluorescence in mouse kidney. b PAS staining of wild-type normal controls (WC group), wild-type mice with IgAN (W-IgAN group), W-IgAN treated with probiotics (W-IgAN + B group), W-IgAN treated with sodium acetate (W-IgAN + SA group) and W-IgAN treated with sodium propionate (W-IgAN + SP group). c Collagen 1 immunofluorescence in the mouse glomerulus. d The average fluorescence intensity of IgA in mouse kidney. e–f The urinary protein/creatinine ratio and serum creatinine levels of the mice in different groups. g–i The serum inflammatory indicators of each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. j The average fluorescence intensity of collagen 1 in mouse kidney. k The relative gene expression of collagen 1 in mouse kidney tissue. * 0.01 < P ≤ 0.05. ** 0.001 < P ≤ 0.01. *** P ≤ 0.001