Fig. 4

Histological analysis. A: Histopathological examination after ectopic and orthotopic transplantation. Dense growth of tumor cells, abundant collagen deposition and high microvessel density were found in Groups A and C compared with Groups B and D. In Group C, a large number of tumor cells grew quickly, leaving a small amount of normal gland tissue. Vimentin was positive in all groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. B: Comparison of collagen content in Groups A and B (*p < 0.05). C: Comparison of microvessel density in Groups A and B (*p < 0.05). D: Comparison of collagen content in Groups C and D (*p < 0.05). E: Comparison of microvessel density in Groups C and D (*p < 0.05). CVF: collagen volume fraction; MD: microvessel density