Table 2 Summary of ferroptosis and pyroptosis in autoimmune diseases
Disease type | Organs/tissues | Cell subset | Feature geneset (↑↓) | Sensitivity to ferroptosis/ pyroptosis (↑↓) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitiligo | Skin | Epidermal melanocytes | ↑ Pyroptosis geneset (such as CASP1, CASP4, CASP6, CASP8, and GSDMD) | ↑ Pyroptosis |
↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4, NR4A1, FTH1, FTL, MT1G, NFE2L2, and SLC40A1) | ↑ Ferroptosis | |||
Psoriasis | Skin | Keratinocytes-S.C | ↑ NR4A1, NFE2L2, MT1G | ↓ Ferroptosis |
↓ CASP3, GSDMA, GSDMC | ↓ Pyroptosis | |||
Keratinocytes-S.G&S.S | ↓ GPX4, FTH1, NR4A1, NFE2L2, MT1G | ↑ Ferroptosis | ||
↓ CASP1, CASP4, GSDMA | ↓ Pyroptosis | |||
Keratinocytes-S.B | ↑ GPX4, FTL, FTH1 | ↓ Ferroptosis | ||
↑ CASP1, CASP8, GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMD | ↑ Pyroptosis | |||
AD | Skin | Keratinocytes | ↑ GSDMC, GSDMD | ↑ Pyroptosis |
MS | Brain | Neuron | ↓ GPX4, FTH1, and MT1G | ↑Ferroptosis |
Oligodendrocyte | ↓ GPX4, NFE2L2, SQSTM1, FTH1, and MT1G | ↑Ferroptosis | ||
Astrocyte | ↓ GPX4, NFE2L2, FTH1, MT1G, and SLC40A1 | ↑Ferroptosis | ||
OPCs | ↓ GPX4, SQSTM1, and FTH1 | ↑Ferroptosis | ||
EC/VSM | ↓ GPX4, FTH1, MT1G, SQSTM1, and SLC40A1 | ↑Ferroptosis | ||
SSc-ILD | Lung | Alveolar type 1&2 | ↑ CASP1, CASP6, CASP8, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDMA | ↑Pyroptosis |
Club/Gobelet/Basal | ↑ CASP8, CASP1, GSDMB, and GSDMC | ↑Pyroptosis | ||
Smooth Muscle/Pericyte | ↑ CASP1, CASP4, CASP6, CASP8, and GSDMD | ↑Pyroptosis | ||
EC | ↑ GSDMB and GSDMC | ↑Pyroptosis | ||
Mast cell | ↑ CASP4, CASP6, CASP8, and GSDMD | ↑Pyroptosis | ||
CD | Terminal ileum | Epithelial cells | ↓ GPX4, MT1G, FTL, and FTH1 | ↑Ferroptosis |
EAO | Testes | Spermatids | ↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4) | ↑Ferroptosis |
Spermatocytes | ↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4) | ↑Ferroptosis | ||
Leydig cells/immune cells | ↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4) | ↑Ferroptosis | ||
Spermatogonia/Sertoli cells | ↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4) | ↑Ferroptosis |