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Table 3 Association between dietary fiber intake and CVD mortality

From: Associations between dietary fiber intake and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a prospective study

Variables

Median (g/day)

Cohort (n)

Cases (n)

Crude HR (95% CI), p-value

Adjusted HR* (95% CI), p-value

Total

 Q1 (< 11.12)

8.83

17,360

1044

Reference

Reference

 Q2 (≥ 11.12 to < 14.71)

12.95

17,330

987

0.91 (0.84–1.00), p = 0.044

0.91 (0.84–1.00), p = 0.046

 Q3 (≥ 14.71 to < 18.41)

16.48

17,322

931

0.84 (0.77–0.92), p < 0.001

0.83 (0.76–0.92), p < 0.001

 Q4 (≥ 18.41 to < 23.75)

20.74

17,304

913

0.82 (0.75–0.89), p < 0.001

0.78 (0.70–0.86), p < 0.001

 Q5 (≥ 23.75)

28.75

17,326

967

0.85 (0.78–0.93), p < 0.001

0.73 (0.65–0.83), p < 0.001

    

p for trend < 0.001

p for trend < 0.001

Insoluble

 Q1 (< 7.21)

5.7

17,366

1055

Reference

Reference

 Q2 (≥ 7.21 to < 9.63)

8.44

17,342

1003

0.92 (0.84–1.00), p = 0.056

0.92 (0.84–1.00), p = 0.063

 Q3 (≥ 9.63 to < 12.11)

10.8

17,312

920

0.82 (0.75–0.90), p < 0.001

0.82 (0.75–0.90), p < 0.001

 Q4 (≥ 12.11 to < 15.73)

13.69

17,332

899

0.79 (0.73–0.87), p < 0.001

0.76 (0.69–0.84), p < 0.001

 Q5 (≥ 15.73)

19.09

17,290

965

0.84 (0.77–0.92), p < 0.001

0.72 (0.65–0.81), p < 0.001

    

p for trend < 0.001

p for trend < 0.001

Soluble fiber

 Q1 (< 3.72)

2.97

17,395

1059

Reference

Reference

 Q2 (≥ 3.72 to < 4.91)

4.32

17,304

930

0.85 (0.78–0.93), p < 0.001

0.87 (0.79–0.95), p = 0.002

 Q3 (≥ 4.91 to < 6.15)

5.49

17,351

945

0.85 (0.78–0.93), p < 0.001

0.85 (0.77–0.93), p = 0.001

 Q4 (≥ 6.15 to < 7.92)

6.91

17,266

914

0.81 (0.74–0.88), p < 0.001

0.78 (0.71–0.86), p < 0.001

 Q5 (≥ 7.92)

9.62

17,326

994

0.88 (0.80–0.96), p = 0.003

0.78 (0.69–0.88), p < 0.001

    

p for trend = 0.011

p for trend < 0.001

  1. *Adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male vs. female), race (non-Hispanic White vs. Other), body mass index (BMI, < 25.0 kg/m2 vs. ≥ 25.0 kg/m2), education (≤ high school vs. ≥ some college), smoking status (never vs. former ≤ 15 years since quit vs. former > 15 years since quit vs. former year since quit unknown vs. current smoker ≤ 1 pack per day vs. current smoker > 1 pack per day vs. current smoker intensity unknown), marital status (married vs. not married), alcohol drinking status (never vs. former vs. current), and total energy intake (continuous)