Table 1 Baseline characteristics of MHD patients with acute hyperkalemia according to the study group

Number of people (cases)

46

33

38

22

Age (years, x̄ ± s)

53.09 ± 14.22

52.52 ± 12.52

55.37 ± 17.38

53.41 ± 13.83

Gender (cases/%)

 Male

29 (63.0)

13 (39.4)

25 (65.8)

14 (63.6)

 Female

17 (37.0)

20 (60.6)

13 (34.2)

8 (36.4)

Combined with poor access function (cases/%)

43 (93.5)

27 (81.8)

34 (89.5)

22 (100)

Serum potassium (cases/%)

 5.5–5.9 mmol/L

30 (65.2)

17 (51.5)

19 (50.0)

2 (9.1)

 6.0–6.4 mmol/L

12 (26.1)

11 (33.3)

14 (36.8)

6 (27.3)

 ≥ 6.5 mmol/L

4 (8.7)

5 (15.2)

5 (13.2)

14 (63.6)

Changes of ECG hyperkalemia (cases/%)

21/46 (45.7)

12/26 (46.2)

16/30 (53.5)

15/20 (75.0)

Severe hyperkalemia

7/46 (15.2)

10/31 (32.3)

12/37 (32.4)

18/21 (85.7)

Urine volume < 400 ml/d

39 (84.8)

27 (81.8)

29 (76.3)

17 (77.3)

Dialysis frequency (cases/%)

 ≥ 3 times/week

32 (69.6)

25 (75.8)

25 (65.8)

18 (81.8)

 < 3 times/week

14 (30.4)

8 (24.2)

13 (34.2)

4 (18.2)

Time from last dialysis (cases/%)

 ≤ 24 h

23 (50.0)

17 (51.5)

8 (21.1)

6 (27.3)

 24–72 h

13 (28.3)

8 (24.2)

14 (36.8)

8 (36.4)

 ≥ 72 h

10 (21.7)

8 (24.2)

16 (42.1)

8 (36.4)

Last dialysis < 4 h (cases/%)

7 (15.2)

4 (12.1)

5 (13.2)

3 (13.6)

Complications (cases/%)

 Hypocalcemia

6 (13.0)

10 (30.3)

12 (31.6)

2 (9.1)

 Hypermagnesemia

12 (26.1)

12 (36.4)

14 (36.8)

10 (45.5)

 Diabetes

18 (39.1)

13 (39.4)

12 (31.6)

4 (18.2)

Cardiac function classification

 Grade I

9 (19.6)

8 (24.2)

8 (21.1)

4 (18.2)

 Grade II

5 (10.9)

4 (12.1)

3 (7.9)

2 (9.1)

 Grade III

7 (15.2)

6 (18.2)

6 (15.8)

2 (9.1)

 Grade IV

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.6)

0 (0.0)

Combined medication (cases/%)

 ACEI

5 (10.9)

2 (6.1)

2 (5.3)

1 (4.5)

 ARB

7 (15.2)

6 (18.2)

6 (15.8)

4 (18.2)

 MRA

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)