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Table 6 The role of exosomes in PNI

From: Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of central nervous system diseases

Source of exosomes

Intermediate molecule

Downstream pathway or molecule

Models or cells

Effect on downstream pathway

Function

Refs.

ADSC

miRNA-26b

Kpna2

Schwann cells

–

Reducing autophagy of injured SCs

[132]

BMSC

NA

VEGFA

NA

NA

Promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerves

[136]

ADSC

NA

Bcl-2 mRNA, Bax mRNA

Schwann cells

 + ,–

Reducing the apoptosis of SCs

[138]

NA

NADPH oxidase 2 complexes

NOX2-PI3K-p-Akt

NA

NA

Regulating axonal regeneration

[140]

  1. 'NA' means no accessible data in the study
  2. PNI, peripheral nerve injury; ADSC, adipose stem cells; Kpna2, karyopherin subunit alpha 2; SC, Schwann cells; BMSC, bone marrow stromal cell
  3. ' + ' represents the promotion of downstream pathway or molecule; '–' represents the inhibition of downstream pathway or molecule