Table 5 The role of exosomes in SCI and TBI
From: Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of central nervous system diseases
Source of exosomes | Intermediate molecule | Downstream pathway or molecule | Function | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
SCI | ||||
 Neuron | miR-124-3p | MYH9, PI3K/AKT/NF-κB | Suppressing the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes | [113] |
 MSC | miR-25 | NA | Protecting the spinal cord from transient ischemia | [114] |
 MSC | miR-21 / miR-19b | NA | Promoting recovery | [117] |
 NA | miR-133b | NA | Protecting neurons, promoting axon regeneration, and the recovery of motor function | [118] |
TBI | ||||
 NA | miR-124 | NA | Promoting the evolution of microglia M2 | [122] |
 Microglia | miR-124-3p | NA | Inhibiting neuronal autophagy | [123] |
 NA | Tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein | NA | Aggravating the motor and cognitive damage | [126] |