Table 3 Metabolites with cancer prevention effects

Fiber

Short-chain fatty acids (such as butyrate, propionate, and acetate)

For instance: Holdemanella biformis, Faecalibaculum rodentium, Clostridium butyricum

Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, apoptotic inducing effects, elevating Foxp3 IL-10-producing Treg cells

Smith et al. [115]

Li et al. [262]

Furusawa et al. [116]

Louis et al. [113]

Linoleic acids

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs)

Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Streptococcus thermophiles

Anti-neoplastic, pro-apoptotic

Maggiora et al. [118]

Ewaschuk et al. [117]

Polyphenols (such as: phenolic acid, flavonoids, lignin, anthocyanin,)

Low-molecular-weight phenolic acids

For instance: Escherichia coli, Eubacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp., Bacteroides sp.

Chemoprevention effect, reducing cell prolifration, increasing apoptosis, anti-inflammatory effect, modulating enzymes

Bultman [263]

Cardona et al. [264]